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EBM Guidebook

Table of Contents

    Title Page
  1. Introduction
  2. STEP 1: Formulating the Question
    1. POEM
    2. PICO
  3. STEP 2: Finding the Best Evidence
  4. STEP 3: Appraising the Evidence
    1. CAMeL General Steps
    2. CAMeL Critical Appraisal Protocols
      1. Therapy
      2. Diagnostic Tests
      3. Review Articles
      4. Screening Tests
      5. Prognosis
      6. Causation
  5. STEP 4: Preparing an EBM Presentation
    1. Protocol for the Presentation
    2. Sample Presentation
  6. Overview of Statistics
    1. Statistics Without Statistics
    2. Ten Ways to Cheat
  7. Glossary of Terms
    Terms marked with an asterisk (*)
    are defined in the Glossary.
  8. References
Back to Informatics & EBM Instruction page  Back to Evidence-Based Instruction page

IV.  STEP 3: Appraising the Evidence  (continued)

  1. Questions to Evaluate a Review Article  (continued)
  1. Were the results of the primary studies displayed so that confidence intervals and trends could be evaluated?
  2. Did the authors "funnel" the study results? That is, were the results of the individual articles used in the review displayed in such a way that you could tell which way most of the articles were pointing?
  3. Were the findings of the primary studies combined appropriately?
  4. Were the findings of the review consistent with the largest and best of the original research studies?
  5. Who funded the research?
     
    Remember, a review article on treatment must be able to stand up to the quality measures of an original research article on treatment, as must the articles in other categories.
  1. Questions to Evaluate a Screening Test
  1. Was the study randomized?
  2. Are there efficacious treatments for the disorder?
  3. Does the current burden of suffering warrant screening?
  4. Does the screening test have a high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value? (See diagnostic testing evaluation.)
  5. Is this outcome something the health system wants to direct dollars to?
  6. Will patients accept the screening test?
  7. Who funded the research?
  8. How does this screening test affect outcome? (See articles evaluating therapy.)
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