Zenk KE
University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
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Intravenous drug delivery in infants with limited i.v. access and fluid restriction.
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1987 Nov;44(11):2542-5
PMID: 3120582
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Higuchi M,Murata Y,Miyake Y,Hesser J,Tyner J,Keegan KA,Porto M
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange 92668.
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Effects of norepinephrine on lung fluid flow rate in the chronically catheterized fetal lamb.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Oct;157(4 Pt 1):986-90
The influence of norepinephrine on lung fluid flow rate was studied in seven chronically catheterized fetal lambs. Lung fluid was collected through a catheter inserted into the fetal trachea. In six experiments, continuous saline solution infusion for 1 hour followed by equivolumnar norepinephrine (3.0 micrograms/min) for 1 hour via the fetal jugular vein was carried out. In three additional experiments (two fetuses), a 3.0 mg intravenous bolus of propranolol was administered before norepinephrine infusion. Saline solution infusion did not influence the lung fluid flow rate or fetal biophysical and biochemical parameters. Norepinephrine increased fetal blood pressure by 22% and decreased lung fluid flow by 45% from control values. Lung fluid flow rate recovered within 2 hours after the end of the norepinephrine infusion. Pretreatment with propranolol did not alter the results. In addition to previous reports that demonstrated beta-sympathomimetic agonist-enhanced reabsorption of lung fluid from fetal alveolar epithelial cells, our present results suggest that a reduction in fetal lung fluid secretion may be implemented as well through stimulation of alpha-sympathomimetic receptor sites in the pulmonary vasculature.
PMID: 3674175
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Hsu D
Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Irvine.
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Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the management of biliary-cutaneous fistula.
Am J Gastroenterol. 1987 Oct;82(10):1078-80
Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed on two patients who had biliary-cutaneous fistula after cholecystectomy. The outcome was favorable. The author recommends this procedure as a desirable alternative to laparotomy with secondary biliary surgery.
PMID: 3661519
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Sun LS,Gastaldi C,Peterson EM,de la Maza LM,Stone SC
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
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Comparison of techniques for the selection of bacteria-free sperm preparations.
Fertil Steril. 1987 Oct;48(4):659-63
The authors compared the three most commonly used sperm preparation techniques--swim-up, fall-down, and Percoll gradient--for their ability to recover highly motile sperm and minimize bacterial contamination. Eleven human semen samples collected by masturbation were used and run in parallel with the three methods. A semiquantitative bacterial analysis was performed in all samples and results expressed in colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). The Percoll gradient technique resulted in an average sperm concentration of 5.81 +/- 4.4 X 10(6) ml, and the average bacterial concentration dropped from 8.66 +/- 12.96 X 10(3) CFU/ml in semen to 0.01 +/- 0.03 X 10(3) CFU/ml. The bacterial count was not significantly different when the raw semen was compared with the swim-up or the fall-down preparations. The authors conclude that the Percoll gradient method yields an adequate sperm concentration, with high motility and improved morphology, while eliminating bacterial contamination.
PMID: 3308520
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Woodward RM,Miledi R
Department of Psychobiology, University of California Irvine 92717.
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Membrane currents elicited by porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in follicle-enclosed Xenopus oocytes.
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1987 Sep 22;231(1265):489-97
Membrane currents were recorded from voltage-clamped Xenopus laevis oocytes, surrounded by their enveloping follicular and epithelial cells. Porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) generated a membrane current due to an increase in membrane conductance to K+. The VIP current was mimicked by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and was potentiated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors, suggesting that adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) plays a role in mediating the response. Though resembling the follicle's responses to catecholamines and adenosine in ionic basis and apparent mechanism, the response to VIP was not blocked by catecholaminergic or purinergic antagonists, indicating the presence of a specific VIP receptor in the follicle. Among the VIP related peptides, PHM-27 generated similar but smaller K+ currents and porcine secretin and glucagon neither elicited a response nor blocked that to VIP. After treating follicles with collagenase to remove the epithelial and follicular cells the responses to VIP were either substantially reduced or abolished, suggesting that the VIP receptors and K+ channels are both located in the follicular cells.
PMID: 2447588
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Shapiro J,Prislin MD,Larsen KM,Lenahan PM
Department of Family Medicine, University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
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Working with the resident in difficulty.
Fam Med. 19(5):368-75
The resident in difficulty is an omnipresent and seemingly intractable problem. Some definitions of this concept are explored, as are means and methods of problem identification. Principles of successful intervention are discussed, as well as some obstacles to successful intervention. Utilization of interpersonal process recall, behavioral techniques, and a more insight-oriented approach in the remediation process are emphasized. The role of the faculty in responding to the resident in difficulty is explored, with special consideration to pitfalls and possibilities. The article concludes with a series of questions and directions for future exploration.
PMID: 3678678
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Chu NS,Keenan L
Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange.
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Responses of midbrain dorsal raphe neurons to ethanol studied in brainstem slices.
Alcohol. 4(5):373-4
The effects of ethanol on midbrain dorsal raphe (DR) neurons were studied using the brainstem slice preparations. Ethanol in low doses (100 mg% and 200 mg%) exerted more excitation than inhibition on DR cells. Higher doses of ethanol produced inhibition in the majority of DR neurons. The present data indicate that the effects of ethanol were biphasic with low concentrations tending to excite and high concentrations to inhibit DR neurons.
PMID: 3675858
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Van Hasselt VB,Sisson LA,Aach SR
Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
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Parent training to increase compliance in a young multihandicapped child.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1987 Sep;18(3):275-83
A training program was implemented to modify a mother's behavior management skills to improve compliance in her 4-year-old child who suffered from severe developmental and physical disabilities. A multiple baseline analysis indicated that behavioral intervention was effective in training the mother to make definitive commands, provide appropriate positive attention, and persist with commands during social interactions with her child. In addition, substantial improvement in the child's compliance with mother's commands followed introduction of parent training. Further, positive collateral effects included the child's increased time on-task and decreased oppositional behavior. All gains were maintained at a 6-month follow-up probe.
PMID: 2959685
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Harris EW,Stevens DR,Cotman CW
Department of Psychobiology, University of California Irvine 92717.
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Hippocampal cells primed with quisqualate are depolarized by AP4 and AP6, ligands for a putative glutamate uptake site.
Brain Res. 1987 Aug 25;418(2):361-5
The glutamate analog 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (AP4), which in control slices has little effect on Schaffer synaptic responses in hippocampal area CA1, reduces Schaffer responses in slices treated with quisqualate. We have shown that this effect of AP4 is associated with depolarization of CA1 neurons and a persisting small reduction in Schaffer response amplitude. 2-Amino-6-phosphonohexanoate also depressed Schaffer responses following priming with quisqualate, but 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate did not. Treatment with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) did not sensitize slices to AP4. The pharmacology of this 'priming effect' of quisqualate corresponds to that of a putative uptake site. We suggest the effects of AP4 (and AP6) result from exchange for previously accumulated quisqualate.
PMID: 2890405
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Fayram SL,Planta F,Aarnaes SL,Peterson EM,de la Maza LM
University of California Irvine, Department of Pathology, Orange.
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Rotavirus gastroenteritis in southern California.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1987 May;7(1):59-62
The epidemiology of rotavirus infections in Southern California was analyzed over a three year period, from January 1, 1981 through December 31, 1983. Data was available from patients seen at the University of California Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC), in addition to referral testing provided to the community in Orange County. Over the 3 yr period the laboratory performed 1172 rotavirus assays. Out of these, 345 were positive for an overall positive rate of 29.4%. The 643 stool specimens from UCIMC corresponded to 508 patients, of which 31.1% (158/508) were positive for rotavirus. The majority of patients with a positive rotavirus test were under 1 yr of age (117/158), with only ten cases found in the 2-15 yr old group. The distribution of the positive rotavirus tests was similar for the female and male population. Approximately 70% of the positive results occur during October through December, with the month of November having the highest incidence. The distribution of positive rotavirus tests did not appear to correlate with either the coldest or the driest month of the year in Southern California.
PMID: 3691034
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Cole-Beuglet C,Aufrichtig D,Pais MJ,Cohen A
Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange.
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Ultrasound case of the day. Resolving hepatic and duodenal (retroperitoneal) hematomas.
Radiographics. 1987 May;7(3):600-4, 607
PMID: 3329361
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Waxman K
California College of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Orange.
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Postoperative multiple organ failure.
Crit Care Clin. 1987 Apr;3(2):429-40
Cellular damage is the pathophysiologic basis for the postoperative multiple organ failure syndrome. This damage may be caused by pre- and intraoperative shock. Postoperative organ failure is manifested when cellular repair does not occur. Three factors may contribute to this progression to multiple organ failure: inadequate resuscitation, malnutrition, and sepsis.
PMID: 3332208
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Fairshter RD,Williams JH
Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange.
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Pulmonary physiology in the postoperative period.
Crit Care Clin. 1987 Apr;3(2):287-306
After upper abdominal or thoracic surgery, loss of lung volume, manifested most importantly by reduced FRC, and abnormal gas exchange, manifested by postoperative reduction in PaO2, are the rule rather than the exception. These physiologic alterations in lung function occur in the absence of superimposed complications such as pneumonia and/or lobar atelectasis; the usual physiologic alterations do, in fact, predispose to pulmonary complications (approximate 20 per cent incidence) which, when present, further compromise lung function. The mechanisms of postoperative impairment in lung function are multiple, interactive, and at the present, incompletely understood. An attempt to summarize the more important causes of impaired postoperative lung function is shown in Figure 6.
PMID: 3332201
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Waxman K
California College of Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange.
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Hemodynamic and metabolic changes during and following operation.
Crit Care Clin. 1987 Apr;3(2):241-50
During anesthesia and operation, there appears to be a common state wherein oxygen consumption is inadequate to meet intraoperative metabolic requirements. Although there is insufficient information to fully explain this problem, decreased intraoperative levels of cardiac output and oxygen delivery, altered intraoperative oxygen transport at the microcirculatory and cellular levels, and altered delivery of oxidative substrate are possible contributors. Anesthesia and operation thus appear to produce a physiologic pattern similar to other shock states. Postoperative physiologic changes include increased cardiac output and increased oxygen delivery, necessary to support increased oxygen consumption. These postoperative changes may represent compensatory physiologic responses to preoperative and intraoperative oxidative and metabolic deficits. There are also significant energy needs of the healing surgical wound. These additional energy requirements for wound healing add to the degree of increase in metabolism necessary for recovery from operation. The postoperative increase in oxygen consumption appears to be essential to reverse intraoperative deficits, and has been reported to have survival value. Clinically, a major goal of postoperative therapy should thus be to support these necessary physiologic compensations. Titration of postoperative therapy should therefore not be to "normal" physiologic endpoints, but to the supernormal cardiac output and oxygen transport necessary for recovery in postoperative patients.
PMID: 3332198
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Cole-Beuglet C,Aufrichtig D,Cohen A,Harrison L,Miller EI,Crade M
Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine Medical Center.
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Ultrasound case of the day. Twin pregnancy, intrauterine death of one twin with disseminated intravascular coagulation resulting in the development of a cerebral infarct in the surviving twin.
Radiographics. 1987 Mar;7(2):389-94
PMID: 3329360
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Asch RH,Balmaceda JP,Ord T,Borrero C,Rodriguez Rigau LJ,Rojas FJ
UCI/AMI Center for Reproductive Health, Orange.
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Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) and oocyte donation--a novel treatment for infertility in premature ovarian failure.
Gynecol Endocrinol. 1987 Mar;1(1):105-11
PMID: 2459900
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Burney LR,Dumars KW,Chea CS,Nguyen HD,Bustillo AM
University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
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The Southeast Asian refugee: the impact of cultural variation on the genetic counseling process.
Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1987;23(6):239-44
PMID: 3435766
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Achauer BM,Vander Kam VM
University of California Irvine Medical Center, Division of Plastic Surgery, Orange 92668.
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Argon laser treatment of telangiectasia of the face and neck: 5 years' experience.
Lasers Surg Med. 1987;7(6):495-8
This study documents the treatment and long-term follow-up of telangiectasias of the face and neck with the argon laser. This study concurs with other examiners that treatment is effective with minimal complications and satisfactory long-term results.
PMID: 3431325
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Kaufman E
Department of Psychiatry, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
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A contemporary approach to the family treatment of substance abuse disorders.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1986;12(3):199-211
A contemporary approach to the family treatment of substance abuse is presented. This approach involves developing a method for establishing and maintaining a substance-free state, a workable system of family therapy, sufficient attention to the family after substance abuse has stopped, and an individualized, integrated approach which takes into consideration a variety of family factors.
PMID: 3503566
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Wasmuth JJ,Hill JM,Vock LS
Department of Biological Chemistry, California College of Medicine, University of California-Irvine 92717.
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Identification and characterization of a third complementation group of emetine-resistant Chinese hamster cell mutants.
Mol Cell Biol. 1981 Jan;1(1):58-65
We have isolated emetine-resistant cell lines from Chinese hamster peritoneal fibroblasts and have shown that they represent a third distinct class or complementation group of emetine-resistant mutants, as determined by three different criteria. These mutants, like those belonging to the two other complementation groups we have previously defined, which were isolated from Chinese hamster lung and Chinese hamster ovary cells, have alterations that directly affect the protein biosynthetic machinery. So far, there is absolute cell line specificity with respect to the three complementation groups, in that all the emetine-resistant mutants we have isolated from Chinese hamster lung cells belong to one complementation group, all those we have isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells belong to a second complementation group, and all those isolated from Chinese hamster peritoneal cells belong to a third complementation group. Thus, in cultured Chinese hamster cells, mutations in at least three different loci, designated emtA, emtB, and emtC, encoding for different components of the protein biosynthetic machinery, can give rise to the emetine-resistant phenotype.
PMID: 6965094
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Gerard RW
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA (IRVINE).
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED LEARNING: INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jul;63(3):573-579
PMID: 16591765
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